Short long and unsigned modifiers in C++

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

/**
 * @brief Main function demonstrating the use of various data types in C++ and their sizes.
 *
 * This program declares variables of different data types including integer types
 * (int, short int, long int, unsigned int, unsigned short int, unsigned long int),
 * character types (char, unsigned char, signed char),
 * and floating-point types (float, double, long double).
 * It then prints the size of each data type in bytes.
 *
 * @return int Returns 0 upon successful execution.
 */
int main() {
    
    // Integer types
    int Integer; // Range: -2147483648 to 2147483647
    short int shortInteger; // Range: -32768 to 32767
    long int longInteger; // Range: -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807
    unsigned int unsignedInteger; // Range: 0 to 4294967295
    unsigned short int unsignedShortInteger; // Range: 0 to 65535
    unsigned long int unsignedlongInteger; // Range: 0 to 18446744073709551615

    // Character types
    char normalChar; // Range: -128 to 127
    unsigned char unsignedChar; // Range: 0 to 255
    signed char signedCchar; // Range: -128 to 127 (same as char)

    // Floating-point types
    float normalFloat; // Range: 1.4012984643248171e-45 to 3.4028234663852886e+38
    double normalDouble; // Range: 2.2250738585072014e-308 to 1.7976931348623157e+308
    long double normalLongDouble; // Range: 2.2250738585072014e-308 to 1.7976931348623157e+308

    // Printing the size of each data type
    cout <<"The size of int is " <<sizeof(Integer) << " bytes" << endl;
    cout <<"The size of short int is " <<sizeof(shortInteger) << " bytes" << endl;
    cout <<"The size of long int is " <<sizeof(longInteger) << " bytes" << endl;
    cout <<"The size of unsigned int is " <<sizeof(unsignedInteger) << " bytes" << endl;
    cout <<"The size of unsigned short int is " <<sizeof(unsignedShortInteger) << " bytes" << endl;
    cout <<"The size of unsigned long int is " <<sizeof(unsignedlongInteger) << " bytes" << endl;
    cout <<"The size of char is " <<sizeof(normalChar) << " bytes" << endl;
    cout <<"The size of unsigned char is " <<sizeof(unsignedChar) << " bytes" << endl;
    cout <<"The size of signed char is " <<sizeof(signedCchar) << " bytes" << endl;
    cout <<"The size of float is " <<sizeof(normalFloat) << " bytes" << endl;
    cout <<"The size of double is " <<sizeof(normalDouble) << " bytes" << endl;
    cout <<"The size of long double is " <<sizeof(normalLongDouble) << " bytes" << endl;

    return 0;
}

int Integer; // Range: -2147483648 to 2147483647```



This line declares an `int` variable named `Integer`, which can store values from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647.



After declaring these variables, the program prints the size of each data type in bytes using the `sizeof` operator. This is a compile-time operator that determines the size, in bytes, of a variable or data type. The output is directed to the console using `cout`, which is part of the `iostream` library.



For instance, the size of the `int` data type is printed with the following line:


```cpp
cout <<"The size of int is " <<sizeof(Integer) << " bytes" << endl;

The size of int is 4 bytes
The size of short int is 2 bytes
The size of long int is 8 bytes
The size of unsigned int is 4 bytes
The size of unsigned short int is 2 bytes
The size of unsigned long int is 8 bytes
The size of char is 1 bytes
The size of unsigned char is 1 bytes
The size of signed char is 1 bytes
The size of float is 4 bytes
The size of double is 8 bytes
The size of long double is 16 bytes

Process finished with exit code 0```